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|place =Godesberg (present-day Bad Godesberg), Electorate of Cologne |coordinates = |map_type = |latitude = |longitude = |map_size = |map_caption =Electorate of Cologne |territory = |result =Catholic victory |status = |combatant1 = Gebhard, Truchsess of Waldburg Prince-Elector, Cologne 1578–1588 (Calvinist) |combatant2 = Ernest of Bavaria Prince-Elector, Cologne, 1583–1612 (Catholic) House of Wittelsbach |commander1 =Felix Buchner, Lt. Colonel, Eduard Sudermann, Captain of the Guard |commander2 =Ferdinand of Bavaria Charles, Count of Arenberg |strength1 ="... a strong force of Dutch" mercenaries (approx. 180 troops from the Netherlands) |strength2 =Over 400 foot soldiers, 5 squadrons of cavalry |strength3 = |casualties1 =178 |casualties2 =not stated in sources |casualties3 = |notes =a. Engraving by Frans Hogenberg (1535–1590). Hogenberg and Georg Braun, ''Civitates orbis terrarum'', Cologne, 1572–1617. b. Ernst Weyden. ''Godesberg, das Siebengebirge, und ihre Umgebungen''. Bonn: T. Habicht Verlag, 1864, p. 43. c. Tanja Potthoff. (''Die Godesburg – Archäologie und Baugeschichte einer kurkölnischen Burg'' ). Inaugural Dissertation, University of Munich, 2009, p. 15. | campaignbox = }} The Siege of Godesberg, 18 November – 17 December 1583, was the first major siege of the Cologne War (1583–1589). Seeking to wrest control of an important fortification, Bavarian and mercenary soldiers surrounded the Godesberg ("''Wotan's Mountain''"),〔 Eckart Stiehl. ''Die Stadt Bonn und ihr Umland: ein geographischer Exkursionsführer''. Ferd. Dümmlers Verlag. ISBN 978-3-427-71661-7, 1997.〕 and the village then of the same name, now Bad Godesberg ("''Wotan's Mountain Spa''"), located at its foot. On top of the mountain sat a formidable fortress, similarly named Godesburg ("''Wotan's Castle''"), built in the early 13th century during a contest over the election of two competing archbishops. Towering over the Rhine valley, the Godesburg's strategic position commanded the roads leading to and from Bonn, the Elector of Cologne's capital city, and Cologne, the region's economic powerhouse. Over time, the Electors strengthened its walls and heightened its towers. They added a small residence in the 14th century and the ''donjon'' (also called a ''Bergfried'' or keep) developed as a stronghold of the Electoral archives and valuables. By the mid-16th century, the Godesburg was considered nearly impregnable and had become a symbol of the dual power of the Prince-electors and Archbishops of Cologne, one of the wealthiest ecclesiastical territories in the Holy Roman Empire. The Cologne War, a feud between the Protestant Elector, Gebhard, Truchsess of Waldburg, and the Catholic Elector, Ernst of Bavaria, was yet another schismatic episode in the Electoral and archdiocesan history. The Godesburg came under attack from Bavarian forces in November 1583. It resisted a lengthy cannonade by the attacking army; finally, sappers tunneled into the basalt core of the mountain, placed of powder into the tunnel and blew up a significant part of the fortifications. The explosion killed many of the defending troops, but the resulting rubble impeded the attackers' progress, and the remaining defenders continued to offer staunch resistance. Only when some of the attackers entered the castle's inner courtyard through the latrine system were the Bavarians able to overcome their opponents. The Godesburg's commander and some surviving defenders took refuge in the keep; using prisoners held in the dungeons as hostages, the commander negotiated safe passage for himself, his wife and his lieutenant. The others who were left in the keep—men, women and children—were killed. Nearby Bonn fell to the Bavarians the following month. ==Background== The Cologne War, 1583–1589, was triggered by the 1582 conversion of the Archbishop-Prince Elector of Cologne, Gebhard, Truchsess of Waldburg, to Calvinism, and his subsequent marriage to Agnes of Mansfeld-Eisleben in 1583. When he refused to relinquish the Electorate, a faction of clerics in the Cologne Cathedral chapter elected another archbishop, Ernst of Bavaria, of the House of Wittelsbach.〔 Johann Heinrich Hennes. ''Der Kampf um das Erzstift Köln zur Zeit der Kurfürsten.'' Köln: DuMont-Schauberg, 1878, pp. 5–10.〕 Initially, troops of the competing Archbishops of Cologne fought for control of the Electorate; within a few months, the local feud between the two parties expanded to include supporters from the Electorate of the Palatinate on the Protestant side, and the Duchy of Bavaria on the Catholic side. Italian mercenaries hired with papal gold augmented the Catholic force. In 1586, the conflict expanded further, with direct involvement of the Spanish Netherlands for the Catholic side, and tertiary involvement from Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England on the Protestant side.〔Hajo Holborn. ''A History of Modern Germany, The Reformation''. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1959. For a general discussion of the impact of the Reformation on the Holy Roman Empire, see Holborn, chapters 6–9 (pp. 123–248).〕 At its most fundamental, it was a local feud between two competing dynastic interests—the Seneschals (''Truchsess'') of the House of Waldburg and the dukes of the House of Wittelsbach—that acquired religious overtones. The dispute had broad implications in the political, social, and dynastic balance of the Holy Roman Empire. It tested the principle of ecclesiastical reservation established in the religious Peace of Augsburg (1555). The 1555 agreement settled religious problems in the Empire with the principle ''Cuius regio, eius religio'': the subjects of a secular prince followed the religion of their sovereign. Ecclesiastical reservation excluded the territories of the imperial prelates (bishops, archbishops, abbots or abbesses) from ''cuius regio, eius religio''. In an ecclesiastical territory, if the prelate changed his religion, his subjects did not have to do so. Instead, the prelate was expected to resign from his post. Problematically, the 1555 agreement did not specify this detail.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Siege of Godesberg」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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